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Vacuum Brazing Furnace

Application of vacuum brazing technology

Vacuum brazing is a rapidly developing joining process. Its unique advantages were first used in cutting-edge scientific fields such as aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, and electronics. With the widespread use of specialized engineering materials and the rapid development of vacuum brazing technology itself, its application is expanding in many fields, including machinery, tools, home appliances, automobiles, and energy.

Advantages of Vacuum Brazing

The rapid development and application of vacuum brazing technology is primarily due to its numerous advantages over other brazing methods:
1) During the entire brazing process, the brazed parts are kept in a vacuum, preventing oxidation, carburization, decarburization, contamination, and deterioration.
2) During vacuum brazing, the entire part is heated evenly, thermal stress is reduced, and deformation can be minimized, making it particularly suitable for brazing precision products.
3) The low pressure surrounding the base metal and brazing filler metal removes volatile gases and impurities released by the metal at the brazing temperature, improving the properties of the base metal.
4) Because no flux is used, defects such as porosity and inclusions are eliminated, eliminating the need for post-brazing cleaning of residual flux, saving time, improving working conditions, and harming the environment.
5) Part heat treatment can be completed simultaneously with the vacuum brazing process. By selecting appropriate brazing process parameters, brazing can be performed as a final step, resulting in brazed joints that meet design performance requirements.

6) Multiple adjacent brazing passes can be brazed simultaneously, or multiple components can be brazed in the same furnace, resulting in high brazing efficiency.
7) A wide range of base metals can be brazed, making it particularly suitable for brazing aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, stainless steel, and high-temperature alloys. It is also suitable for brazing similar or dissimilar metals such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum. Composite materials, ceramics, graphite, glass, and diamond are also suitable.
8) Vacuum brazing expands product design possibilities, allowing it to be used for components with narrow grooves, extremely small transitions, blind holes, closed containers, and complex shapes, eliminating the need to consider corrosion, cleaning, and damage caused by brazing fluxes.

However, this does not mean that vacuum brazing can completely replace other brazing techniques, as everything has its own merits. It inevitably has some disadvantages:

1) Metals tend to volatilize under vacuum conditions, so vacuum brazing is not suitable for base metals and brazing filler metals containing volatile elements. If vacuum brazing is necessary, correspondingly complex process measures should be employed.

2) Vacuum brazing is sensitive to pre-brazing component surface roughness, assembly quality, and fitting tolerances, and requires a high level of work environment and worker expertise.

3) Vacuum equipment is complex, requiring a large initial investment and high maintenance costs.

Applications of Vacuum Brazing Technology

1. Applications in the Aerospace Industry
Currently, the aerospace industry is the most widely used application area for vacuum brazing technology. Due to the high thrust and high fuel temperatures of modern aerospace engines, the structural materials used are mostly high-temperature alloys containing high amounts of aluminum and titanium. These materials have extremely poor fusion welding properties and are primarily joined by vacuum brazing. Examples include engine guide vanes, high-pressure turbine guide vanes, rotor blades, rectifiers, diffusers, combustion chamber fuel nozzles, high-pressure compressor crown ring assemblies, combustion chamber head adapters, engine lower nacelles, cabin heaters, combustion chamber inner and outer liners, high-pressure turbine bearing seats, tailpipe turbines, honeycomb structures for sealing and heat exchange, dive brakes, microwave reflectors, rocket engine casings, liquefied air heat exchangers, airflow separators, pneumatic regulators, and exhaust pipes, all of which are manufactured using vacuum brazing.

2. Applications in the Electronics Industry
In the electronics industry, vacuum brazing is widely used for sealing metals to ceramics, metals to glass, and other non-metallic materials, as well as for vacuum brazing high-power electron tubes. Various heat exchangers used to cool large computers, high-power thyristor mounting sockets, high-current precious metal point contact components, magnetic coil bobbins, and other components are also joined using vacuum brazing.

3. Applications in the Automotive and Power Industries
Vacuum brazing can be used to connect plate-fin oil coolers, radiators, carburetors, mufflers, fuel lines, and servo-valve armature assemblies used in automotive engines. In nuclear power, reactor condensers, torpedo-powered lithium fluoride reactors, missile engine thin-walled nickel tube bundles, and gas turbine generator fuel nozzles and air cooling ducts are all vacuum brazed.

4. Applications in the Tool Industry
In the tool industry, vacuum brazing is widely used to join various complex tools, such as various carbide hobs and milling cutters for machining hard-faced gears, printed circuit board lead cutters, oil drill bits, various diamond tools, polycrystalline hole expanders, stabilizers, composite sheets, and cubic boron nitride turning tools.

5. Applications in the Household Goods Industry
Vacuum brazing technology is used in the manufacture of household appliances. For example, vacuum brazing is used to join Freon tanks for air conditioner and refrigerator compressors, air conditioner mufflers, stainless steel thermos bottles, bicycle frame joints, stainless steel-aluminum electric hot pot bottoms, and copper-aluminum pipe joints for refrigerators.
In addition to the aforementioned fields, vacuum brazing is also used to varying degrees in the machinery manufacturing industry, the petrochemical industry, medical equipment, and food processing machinery. With the emergence and adoption of specialized materials and complex structures, the application of vacuum brazing technology will undoubtedly become increasingly widespread.